Erlang C calculator

Find out exactly how many agents you need to hit your service level target. Enter your contact volume and handle time, and the industry-standard Erlang C formula does the rest.

Your contact volume

We've pre-filled a typical example. Adjust to match your center.

Calls, chats, or tickets arriving.

Use your busiest interval for safe staffing.

Talk time + hold + after-call work. 240s = 4 min.

The "20" in an 80/20 service level.

The "80" in an 80/20 service level.

Breaks, training, absence. Typical 25-35%.

Cap to avoid agent burnout. Above 85-90% is unsustainable.

Agents to schedule (with 30% shrinkage)

15 people

10 agents live on contacts, before shrinkage

Service level achieved 87%
Occupancy 67%
Avg. speed of answer 13s
Chance of queuing 18%
Traffic intensity 6.7 Erlangs

What is the Erlang C formula?

Erlang C is the math behind nearly every contact center staffing decision. Created by Danish engineer A.K. Erlang in 1917 to model telephone traffic, it answers a deceptively tricky question: given a certain number of contacts arriving and how long each takes to handle, how many agents do you need so that most people are answered quickly rather than stuck in a queue?

The reason you can't just divide volume by capacity is randomness. Contacts don't arrive in a neat, even stream. They cluster and they go quiet, and those bursts are what create queues. Erlang C models that randomness to tell you the probability a contact has to wait, and from there it derives your service level, average speed of answer, and how busy your agents will be.

How the calculation works

It runs in a few steps:

  1. Traffic intensity (Erlangs). Workload arriving in the period: contacts × handle time ÷ period length. This is the absolute minimum agents needed just to keep pace.
  2. Probability of waiting. Using Erlang C, the chance an arriving contact finds all agents busy and has to queue.
  3. Service level. The share of contacts answered within your target time, given that many agents.
  4. Find the minimum agents that meet your service level target (and stay under your maximum occupancy).
  5. Add shrinkage to convert "agents on contacts" into "people to schedule".
Traffic (Erlangs) = (Contacts × Handle Time) ÷ Period Length

Worked example: 100 calls in an hour at 240 seconds each gives (100 × 240) ÷ 3600 = 6.67 Erlangs. You need at least 7 agents just to keep up, but to answer 80% of calls within 20 seconds you'll need around 10 on the phones. Apply 30% shrinkage and you need about 14 people scheduled (10 ÷ 0.70). The calculator above runs this Erlang C math live as you type.

Getting the inputs right

  • Use your busiest interval. Staff to peak demand, not the daily average, or you'll be understaffed when it matters. Run the calculator per 30 or 60-minute interval across your busiest day.
  • Be honest about handle time. Include talk time, hold, and after-call work. Underestimating AHT understaffs you.
  • Set a realistic shrinkage. 25% to 35% is normal once you count breaks, training, meetings, and absence.
  • Cap occupancy. Sustained occupancy above 85 to 90% burns agents out and quietly degrades service.

A note on accuracy

Erlang C is the trusted industry standard, but it assumes contacts arrive randomly (a Poisson process), handle times follow an exponential distribution, and nobody abandons the queue. Because it ignores abandonment, it tends to slightly overestimate the agents you need, which errs on the safe side for planning. It is built for voice and works well for any synchronous channel like live chat (where one agent often handles a few concurrent sessions). It is less suited to asynchronous email or ticket queues, which you may prefer to plan with our cost per ticket calculator.

The cheapest agent is the one you don't need

Erlang C makes one thing obvious: agents are your biggest cost lever, and the more contacts that reach the queue, the more people you have to schedule. So the most powerful way to ease staffing pressure is to reduce how many contacts hit the queue in the first place.

That's where Chatling helps. It's a no-code AI support agent that resolves repetitive questions automatically across your website, WhatsApp, and Instagram, around the clock, so a large share of contacts never need a human. Lower the volume reaching your team and the agent count this calculator returns drops with it. When a conversation does need a person, Chatling hands off with full context. Curious what that deflection is worth? Our AI support ROI calculator puts a number on it.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Erlang C formula?

Erlang C is a mathematical model used to work out how many agents a contact center needs to answer a given volume of contacts within a target wait time. Developed by Danish mathematician A.K. Erlang in 1917 for telephone traffic, it remains the industry standard built into most workforce management tools. It calculates the probability that a contact has to wait in a queue, and from there derives service level, average speed of answer, and occupancy.

How many agents do I need?

Enter your contacts per period, average handle time, and your service level target (for example, 80% of contacts answered within 20 seconds). The calculator finds the smallest number of agents that meets your target, then adds shrinkage to give you the real number of people you need scheduled. As a rule, more agents raise your service level and lower occupancy.

What is traffic intensity (Erlangs)?

Traffic intensity, measured in Erlangs, is the total workload arriving in a period. It is calculated as contacts per period multiplied by average handle time, divided by the length of the period. For example, 100 calls per hour at 240 seconds each is (100 × 240) ÷ 3600 = 6.67 Erlangs. Your team must have more agents than this just to keep up, and several more to keep wait times low.

What does the 80/20 service level mean?

It means answering 80% of contacts within 20 seconds. It became the default through Bell System network design and is widely used across ACD platforms, COPC certifications, and outsourcer SLAs. You can set any target you like in the calculator, but 80/20 is the most common starting point.

What is shrinkage and why does it matter?

Shrinkage is the portion of paid time agents are not available to handle contacts: breaks, training, meetings, coaching, and unplanned absence. Industry standard is 25% to 35%. The raw Erlang C number tells you how many agents must be on the phones; dividing by (1 − shrinkage) gives you how many you actually need to schedule to keep that many available.

How accurate is Erlang C?

Erlang C is the proven industry standard, but it makes assumptions: contacts arrive randomly (a Poisson process), handle times are exponentially distributed, and no one abandons the queue or gets a busy signal. Because it ignores abandonment, it tends to slightly overestimate the agents required. It is excellent for planning, but treat the output as a strong estimate rather than an exact guarantee.

Is this Erlang C calculator free?

Completely free, with no sign-up. Everything runs in your browser, so your numbers stay on your device.

Need fewer agents? Deflect more contacts

Let an AI agent resolve repetitive questions automatically so fewer contacts reach your queue. Hand off to humans when it matters. No coding required.

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